Grain-drier.



0. W. RANDULPH.

GRAIN DHIER.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE II. 1914.

MTA/5.5555

0. W. RANDOLPH.

GRAIN DRIER.

APPLICATION FIIED JUNE H, 1914.

Patented Sept. 5, 1916.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

. INVE 0. W. RANDOLPH.

GRAIN DRIER.

APPLICATION FILED IUNIIII| 1914.

Patented Sept. 5, 1916.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

o. w. RANDOLPH.

GRAIN DRIER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE II. I9I4.

Patented Sept. 5, 1916.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

w/ Tlv/:ss Es /NvENTo ma 'www I I @im oww @60M 7 `0. W. RANDOLPH.

GRAIN DRIEH.

IED IUNE 1l 1914.

Patented Sept. 5,1916.

6 SHEETS SHEET 5.

WTNESSE5 0. W. RANDOLPH.

GRAIN DRIER.

nn. 1 .9 1 Ku Lb. p DU S d e t n e t nd D1 4.. M H N N D E L H N o U A cU DI P A 6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

INV N ma@ JMW OLIVER W. RANDOLPH, OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

GRAIN-DRIEB.

Specification. of Letters Patent.

Patented sept. 5, 191e.

I Application filed J' une 11, 1914. Serial N o. 844,386.

To allwhom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, OLIVER W. RANDOLPH, a citizen of the United States,residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Grain-Driers, of which thefollowing is aI specication. My invention relates to a grain drier andhas for its vobject to provide an apparatus of the kind that is adaptedto uniformly dry grainas it passes downward by gravity in thin columnsthrough vertically disposed chutes, so constructed that they 'areadapted to permit heated air under pressure to pass laterally, uniformlyand continuously through the grain in all parts of the length offthechute, and equally vto equal units of their length whereby the densityof the grain is substantially uniform throughout the length of thecolumn andthe air passes as freely through the grain at the lower endportions of the chutes as at'the top, and wherein the sides ofthe chutesare open for the free passage of air throughout their length andbreadth.

A further object ils to provide a drier of the kind having a pluralityof grain chutes that are self cleaning and at all times free fromaccumulations of dust and other debris mixed with the grain. e.

A further object ,is to provide a grain drier formed of units ofconstruction, that are adapted to be readily assembled to form anydesired capacity, and that are readily separated for repair lor forconvenienttransportation from the factory to the mill, or elevator.

A further object is to provide a grain drier -that is also adapted forcooling the grain, after heating and drying it.

I accomplish these objects by the construction, arran ement andcombination of parts, as hereina ter described and illustrated in thedrawings, in which- IFigure 1 is a side elevation of a drier constructed in accordance with my inventlon,

. the top portion of the side casing vbeing -the chiites removed at thetop portion of the drier to show interior construction of the chutes.Fig. 3 is a top view of the feed hopper of the drier. Fig. 4 is a brokenaway vertical section (enlarged) through the sides of the drier. Fig. 5is an enlarged vlew in perspective of a brokenaway portion of a drier,with portions of the end platel broken away to more clearly show-theinterlor` construction. Fig. 6 is a similar view showing details notshown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the lever controlling andregulating the bottom valves. Flg. `8 shows a broken away portion of amodified form of screen plate. Fig. 9 .is a cross section of the same.Fig. 10 is a detail of the bottom directriX of the discharge controllingvalves.` Fig. 11 is a top plan view of the directrix and controllingvalves and the mechanismy for operating the valves.l

Fig. 12 is a cross section of the lower portion of the drier. on line`m-- of Fig. 11. lFig. 13 is a side elevation ofa modified form of adrier constructed in accordance with my invention, and so attached to afantamnd a heater that air heated by the heater is frced by the fanthrough the upper half portion of the drier, and cool air is drawn bythe fan by suction through the lower portion of the drier, whereby thegrain is first heated to drive oil' the moisture and then cooled inonepassage through the drier and whereby the necessity of running thegrain through a separate cooler` after passing through a-sepa-rate drierisavoided. This combined drier and cooler is in form' adapted for dryingcar load' lots of grain at way points of rail roads instead of atterminal points of both rail and water transportation.

,Fig. 14 is a broken awa4 longitudinal vertical section of a modifieform of my drier, whereinthe main constituent parts are ar, ranged andcombined in a slightly different relation to form the grain chuteszigzag',

Figs. 15 and 16 respectively show portions by the duct plates, showing apreferred'l Q2 megeve means of attaching the upper edges of the kscreensthereto.

'the speed of grain passage through one of the chutes, a common valvecontrolling mechanism 4, a discharge hopper 5 to receive grain from thechutes and dellver it into a conveyer 6, and having a valve 7 con.

trolling the rate ofrdischarge from the hopper 5 into the conveyer 6,and quadrant levers 8 and 8 adapted to respectively op,- erate thevalves 3 and 7, and having index scales 9 indicating the degree ofopenlng of the valves.

B indicates a blower fan adapted to draw air from a heater (not shown)and force it through the drier A as hereinafter de?A scribed, and Bdesignates a blower adapted to draw air through the lower portion of adrier A and force the air through a heater H and through the upper halfportion of the drier A.

r1`he side members C and C of the driers A and A comprise the sideplates 10, .a pair of end platesll, each having a right angled flange 12along its outer edge and having equal triangular projections 13, formedsaw tooth shape along its inner edge, produced by removing portions ofsuch form that when the end plates are struck up in a die press to formthe flanges 12 along their outer edges, the edges of the triangularprojections 13 will also be provided with flanges 14. The flanges 12 areperforated to register with marginalperforations in the side plates 10,and the end plates 11 are se-l cured to the margins of the side plates10 by bolts 15. To the flange 14 of the projections 13 of the plates 11of the side member C are bolted theperforated ends of the air ductplates 16 which completes the side member C. 1n the side member C theair duct plates 16 are omitted.

Between the side members C are interposed a plurality of members D andD', each comprising at each end a pair of complementary end plates 17and 17, having "flanges 18 along coinciding edges by whichi v'they areconnected together in pairs, one

for each end, and having opposite triangular projections 19, and betweenthe pairs of projections 19, have the downwardly7 converging portions20, merging by curves 21 into'the next .lower pair of projections 19.

' The pair of projections 19 being separated by the portions 20, whichare of a length equal tothe distance between the points of two adjacentprojections 13 of the end plates 11 of the member C.

The combined end plates 17 and 17 of a member D or D are arranged,relatively to each other at the opposite ends of the members, to bringthe projections 19 of one end plate opposite the portions 20 of theother end plate, and the two ends are connected by the air' duct plates16 which in members D are connected to the plate 17 in reverse positiont'o their connection to the end plates of the side member C and in themember D in parallel position with the duct plates of the member C,whereby the duct plates 1G of each member is in reverse position to ductplates of the next adjacent member.

The duct plates 16 have the top marginal portions angled to engage theunderside of the lower marginal portion of the next higher plate, towhich it is secured b vbolts or rivets 16 (as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and17).

The duct plates 16 of the members D Hand D at one end aresecured-toffthe marginal flanges of the projections 19,' of the adjacentend plates 17 and at the opposite end are supported by the next higherplates 16 to which they are marginally secured, and which are secured tothe projections 19 of the opposite end plate 17 hen the members D and Dare alternately assembled the upper flanges of thel projections 19 ofthe members D are secured to the lower flanges of the projections 19 ofthe members D at one end, and vice versa to the upper flanges at theopposite end, and when the side members C and C are assembledrespectively with the first and last members D and coupled thereto bythe marginal'flanges of the projections 19 by the bolts 15, the ductplates 16 of each member D and D form with the ,plates 16 of the neXtadjacent members transverse 'air inducts 22 which are open at one, endand ducts 22 through the openings 24 passes out through the openings 25of the educts 23.

To the lower margins of the upper faces of-eac'h pair of convergingplates 16 are secured the upper marginal portions of a pairofaconverging and downwardly projecting screens 26, which extend to nearabove the neXt lower pair of converging plates 16 in front of the educts23 and the inducts 22, and at their lower edges are secured to anglebars 27 which at their ends are secured to the end plates 17 and 17 atthe opposite ends of the members D and D respectively and supportthescreens in their converging position. f

1n Figs. 8 and 9 are shown a modified form of screen plate 26a. formedof sheet metal suitably perforated or slotted to allow free`ciroulationfof air therethrough without per? mitting the grain to passthrough the plates. |formed of triangular parallel bars 29,l ex- Theplates 26a may be substituted for the meshed wire screens 26 shown inthe other figures in which the screens appear. The screen plates 26a attheir upper marginal portions alle also folded hookwise for engagementwith the marginal hook portions ofthe plates 16 and their lower marginalportions are bent cylindrical to receive the rods 27a, which, when thescreen plates 26EL are used, are substituted for the angle bars' 27, therods 27a extending through suitable holes in the end plates 17 and 17,and through the cylindrical margins of the screens, and secured by nutsor the like in such manner as that both the rods and the screens may bereadily detached and removed for the repair of theV part of the weightof the grain'opposite them in the chutes.

Tofurther distribute the weight of the grain in the chutes, centralbetween the lower margins of each pair of converging plates 16, in eachchute 1, and centrally below each pair of converging screens 26, thereis provided a triangular distributing cross bar 27,

which is suitably secured by its ends jointly to the en d plates 17 and17 and in such position tend both to support the central portion of acolumn of grain filling the chute 1 in which they are placed, and tobreak up and direct the grain in the central portion of each vcolumn ofgrain to the right and left over against the pair of screens 26 nextbelow each bar 27, while the plates 16 opposite each bar tend to directthe grain next the pair of screens 26 next above the bar, to the centerof the column immediately below eachbar 27, whereby the position of eachindividual kernel of the grain in the column is changed relative to thescreens and the center of the column during its passage downward pasteach pair of converging screens 26 and converging plates 16, and it'will be readily seen that air forced into the inducts 23 on one side ofa columnof grain will be forced through the column into the educts 24next above and next below the inducts 23 as indicated in Figs. 2, 4 and6 of the drawings.

In the inducts 22 the plates 16 are provided with the baille plates 28which are angled to retard the heated air in the inducts 22, and deflectit more uniformly throughout the length of the inducts, through thecolumn of grain into the educts 23.

1n the hopper 2 are provided next above .and between the grain chutes 1,a grating tending between the pairs of end plates of the hopper, andbetween the chutes 1, and adapted to divide the grain in the hopper anddirect it equally into the chutes 1, and above the bars 29, and at rightangles thereto are provided the triangular distributing beams 30 adaptedto equalize the feed of the grain to the top openings of the chutes 1.

Between the hopper 5 and the lower ends of the chutes 1 there isinterposed a grille 31, having hopper shaped openings 32. at regularintervals below each chute 1 through which the grain passes into thehopper 5 and whereby the grain is made to travel downward through thechutes at all points betwee'n the end plates 17 and 17 of the chutes atsubstantially the same speed. l The bottom of the grille at intervals oneach side of the openings 32 of each chute, is provided with guide ways33, in which are slidably mounted a valve plate 34, adapted to closeeach opening 32 of a chute, and having openings 35 adapted to besimultaneously registered in whole or in equal part witheach opening 32of the grille opposite the respective chute. The valve plates 34together constitute the controlling valve 3.

Each valve plate 34 has a rack extension .36 which extends over andintermeshes with a gear wheel 37 fixedly mounted on acommon shaft 38,mounted and journaled at its opposite end portions in suitable bearingsin pedestals 39. To one ofthe pedestals is attached the toothed quadrant40 having an index scale, and on the end of the shaft 38 adjacentthereto is iixedly mounted the controlling lever 8 by which the valveplates 34 are simultaneously and equally adjusted to open the grilleopenings 32 to any desired degree indicated by the quadrant index.Preferably the grille 31 is formed in sections, one for each chute, asshown in Fig. 10, whereby the grille can be enlarged or decreasedaccording to the number of chutes in the drier.

The hopper 5j has attached to its discharge a conveyer casing 41, inwhich is rotatably mounted an auger conveyer 42, which ,is connected to4means to operate it (not shown), and between the. conveyer and thehopper is interposed a valve plate 7 adapted to open and close thebottom of the hopper 5 to regulate the delivery of the grain from thehoppen to the conveyer. The valve 7 is also controlled by a lever 8 andis set to any degree of valve opening by engaging it to the quadrant 45adapted to indicate the degree of opening of the valve plate 7.

They fan B is connected to the drier A by a hood E, the sides of whichare extensions 10 of sides 10 of the side member C, plate 46 inclinedfrom the exit of the fan ,casing to the top of the drier opposite theopenings to the inducts, and a bottom plate 47 inclined from the exit ofthe fan casing to end plates of the drier below the lowest inductopenings as shown in Fig. l.

Thus constructed the operation of the drier is as follows: The openings32 of the grille 31 being fully closed by the valve plates 34, grain isadmitted to the hopper 2 until the chutes l are illed. The fan is thenStarted and heated air is forced through inducts 22 through the openings24 and thence through the grain columns and through the educt's 23 tothe discharge openings 25 until the moisture is substantiallydriven fromthe grain in the chutes. |The valves 34 are then operated to open theopenings 32 of the grille to a degree that establishes a desired rate offlow of grain through the chutes, and the valve plate 7 being adjustedto regulate the flow of grain from the hopper 5 to the convcyer, and theconveyer 42 being adjusted to a speed adapted to the rate of How throughthe chutes 1, the grain will be thereafter continuously and uniformlydried in its passage through the drier.

ln the combined drier and cooler A the construction is in all respectsthe saine as in drier A, excepting that in the lower halll portion ofthe drier Athe air ducts corresponding to the educts of the upper halfportion become the educts of the lower halt portion, through which coolairis drawn by the fan B and forced through the heater H and thencethrough the inducts, grain col umns and educts of` the upper haltportion or the drier. The baille plates in the inducts of the lower halfportion are in reverse position to those of the vupper half portion, inthe educts 23.

ln the modified form of assemblage and combination of the parts`composing the drier shown in Figs. 14, 15 and 16 the duct plates 16yforming the sides of each chute l, and the partitions and common sidesof the neXt adjacent chutes, each opposite pair of plates 16 areparallel, and each inner angle formed by the plates isopposite an outerangle in stead of each outer angle being opposite an outer angle andeach inner angle opposite an inner angle, as in the form of assemblingshown in Figs. l, 2, 4, 5 and 6. By this arrangement of the partswhenthe screens 26 are attached to the inner angles of the plates 16 of each'hute 1a they provide a zigzag course for tre grain in the chute, inwhich each screen largely supports the weight of the column opposite thenext screen above, and the zigzag course of the grain results in acontinual shifting of the grain, whereby the position of the individualgrains are constantly changing from the inner to outer and from theouter to the inner position inthe column, and whereby more uniformcontact with the heated air is at tained. ln this form of assembling ofthe parts the triangular bars 27 are omitted, but

inodoro otherwise the parts are the same in construction as in the drierillustrated in Figs. l, 2, 4, 5 and 6.

ln each form the end plates 17 and lll are made of greater length thanis required between the hoppers 2 and 5, in order that the plates may beadjusted to bring the inlet and outlet openings of the ducts into theproper relation to the form of chutes adopted for the drier, by cuttingod the upper ends of the plates at points suited to the position theyare to occupy in the structure, and necessary to match up with the endlplates that have been established in the structure in building it up.

By the construction shown and described l secure great economy of spaceand material-with increased capacity, and the capacity of a drier may bereadily increased by temporarily detaching either or both end members C,and adding members l) or D according as the structure requires and acorresponding number of sections of the grille and valve platestherefor.

By providing air inducts and educts of the forms described, andextending the screens between them, l not only secure exposure of thegrain to the heated air the entire lengths of the grain columns, but llalso secure, by reason of the converging position of the screens, anincreased area of surface of the grain columns exposed tothe heated air,and the inner angles of the sides ill of the chutes, together with thedistributing bars 27, are adapted to constantly change tthe grainconstituting the surface area of the columns to the interior of thecolunis and from the interior to the surface, whereby l secure thegreatest possible uniformity in the drying or' all the grainconstituting the columns.

As constructed also the parts are readily dis-assembled, as necessaryfor replacing worn screens, and dis-assembled the parts are moreconveniently and economically shipped from the factory to the mill orgrain elevator where the driers are to be set up and used. V

While the separable unit construction shown and described is preferred,it is manifest that the principle of construction of the grain chutesand air inducts and educts shown and described if embodied in other formof main structure would be equally effective, and l therefore do notlimit myself to said separable unit construction.

l. ln a grain drier or cooler, a grain chute comprising a pair ofopposite sides, angled zigzag at equal angles from the vertical and atequal intervals of their lengths, a screen secured to each side betweenthe sides at each inner angle, and extending downward and inward at anangle from the vertical, toward the opposite side, said screens,together withfthe inner angles of the sides forming a passage for grain,and end plates connecting the sides and together therewith inclosing thegrain passage between the screens andthe inner angles of the sides, eachend plate having air openings between the screensv and alternate outerangles of the sides, and forming end olosures of the ends of the' otherouter angles, and the openings of one end plate being opposite the outerangles of the sides closed by the opposite end plate.

2. In a grain drier, a grain chute comprising equal sides angledoppositely at equal intervals of their 'lengths and at equal angles, thesides beinggrelatively arranged.

with outer angles opposite outer angles and inner angles opposite' innerangles, end plates secured to the side plates, each having openingsbetween the screens and alternate outer angles of the side plates, andthe openings of one end plate being opposite the closed outer angles ofthe opposite end plate, and a pair of inwardly converging screen platesprojecting from each opposite pair of inner angles of the sides betweenthe next lower outer angles.

3. In a grain drier, a grain chute comprising sides each formed of aseries of duct plates connected at their side margins at equal angles,said sides being arranged with the outer angles of one side oppositeouter angles of the other side, and the inner angles opposite theinnerjl angles, end plates secured to the ends of t-he duct plates ofthe sides and forming connections between the sides, said end plateseach having openings opposite alternate outer angles formed by' the ductplates, and the openings of one end plate being opposite theouter anglesclosed byl the opposite end plate, and a pair of -downwardly convergingscreen plates secured to the upper plates forming the inner angles ofthe ides and each pair of screens projecting ownward therefrom oppositeand between the next lower outer angles of the sides. .A

4. In a. grain drier, a grain chute comprising sides formed yof 'aseries of duct plates connected at their side margins .at equal angles,said sides being arranged wlth the outer angles ofone'side oppositeouter angles of the other side, and the inner angles opposite the innerangles, end plates securedlto the ends of thel duct plates of the sidesand forming connections between the' sides, said end plates each havingopenings opposite alternate outerfa'ngles formed by the duct plates, andthe openings of one end plate being opposite -the outer angles closed bythe opposite end plate, a pair of downwardly converging; screen platessecured to the upper plates forming the inner angles of the sides, andeach pair of screens projecting downward therefrom Opposite and betweenthe next lower outer angles of the sides, and means to supply grain tothe upper end of the chute, a valve closure at the lower end of thechute, adapted to regulate the iow of grain therefrom, and meansto forceheated air into the openings in one end plate of the chute.

5. In a grain drier, a grain chute comprising sides formed of aseries ofduct plates connected at their side margins at equal angles, said sidesbeing arranged with the outer angles of one side opposite outer anglesof the other side, and-the inner angles opposite the inner angles, endplates secured to the ends of the duct plates of the sides and formingconnections between the sides, said end plates each having .openingsopposite alternate outer angles formed by the `duct plates, and theopenings of one end plate being opposite theouter angles closed by theopposite end plate, a pair of downwardly converging screen platessecured to the upperlplates forming the inner angles of the sides, andeach -pair of screens projecting downward therefrom opposite and betweenthe :next lower outer angles of the sides,

means to supply grain to the upper end of the chute, a valve closure atthe lower end of the chute, adapted to regulate the flow of graintherefrom, means to force heated air into the openings in-oneend plateof the chute, and baliie plates secured to the plates opposite the airinlet openings. 6. In a grain drier, a grain chute comprising equal4sides angled oppositely at equal intervals of their. lengths and atequal angles, the sides being relatively arranged with outer anglesopposite outer angles and inner .angles opposite inner angles, endplates secured to the side plates, each having openings between thescreens and alternate outer angles of the side plates, and the openingsof one end plate being opposite the closed outer angles of the oppositeend plate, a pair of inwardly converging screen plates projecting fromthe inner angles of the sides between the next lower outer angles, andtriangular bars extending from end plates to endv plates between the.inner angles of the sides. Y v

7. In a grain drier, the combination of a series of chutes formed of aseries of sides angled zigzag at equal intervals of their lengths and atequal` angles, each of the chutes having one 'or both sides common tothe next adjacentchute or chutes, a series of end plates having flangedside margins ternating with openings of the opposite end plate, andscreen plates connected to the inner angle of each chute and convergingdownward between the next lower outer angles.

8. In a grain drier, the combination of a series of chutes formed of aseries of sides angled zigzag at equal intervals of their length and atequal angles, each of the chutes having one or both sides common to thenext adjacent chute or chutes, each chute having the inner angles of oneside opposite the inner angles of the opposite side, and the innerangles of each common side being outer angles, and the outer angles theinner angles of the next adjacent chute, a series of end plates havingflanged side margins adapted to be connected together and to the ends ofthe sides by their side margins, and having air openings opposite eachalternate outer angle of each side of each chute, the openings of oneend plate of each chute alternating with the openings of the oppositeend plate, screen plates connected to the inner angles of each chute andconverging downward between the next lower outer angles, and atriangular deflector bar connecting the end plates central between eachopposite pair of inner angles of the sides of the chutes.

9. ln a grain drier, the combination with a series o chutes, eachcomprising sides formed of a series of equal duct plates connectedzigzag by their side margins at equal angles, a pair lof complementaryend plates :for each chute adapted to be connected to the end marginsofthe duct plates of the sides, and form openings opposite alternateouter angles formed by ends of the duct l plate and close the spacebetweenthe inner angles formed by the duct plates and the other outerangle, the openings of one end plate alternating with `the openings of.the

v opposite end plate, and a series of screen plates for each chute,connected by their upper margins to each inner angle of the sidesand'extending downward and inward at an angl@J from the vertical.

10. ln a grain drier, the combination of a series of chute sides, eachformed of equal duct plates having their upper margins angled equal andsecured to the lower marginal portion of the next higher plate, andtheir lower marginal portions folded to form a hoo-k, a screen plate foreach duct plate, having its upper marginal portion folded hookwise andengaged with the marginal hook of the duct plate, and end platesconnecting thesides and together with the sides forming a series ofchutes each comprising a series of converging screens of the sides andair ducts between the screens and the sides.

ll. ln a grain drier, the combination of a. series of grain chutesdetachably connected together, and a series of controlling anddischarging valves, one for each chute at its lower end, each saidyvalve separately attachable and detachable, and a common means adaptedto be connected to each valve of the series and operate themsimultaneously and equally.

12. In a grain drier, the combination of a plurality of chute sides,each formed of equal duct plates having their upper margins angled equaland secured to the lower marginal portion ol the next higher plate, andtheir lower marginal portions folded hookwise, a screen plate for eachduct plate, having its upper marginal portion folded hookwise andengaged with the marginal hook of the duct plate, and its lower marginalportion formed cylindrical, end plates connecting the sides and togetherwith the sides forming a series of chutes each comprising a series ofconverging screens of the sides and air ducts between the screens andthe slides, and a series of rods, one for each screen, detachablyextending through the end plates and the cylindrical marginal portionsof the screens.

13. ln a grain drier or cooler a grain chute comprising a pair ofopposite sides angled zigzag at equal intervals 'of their length, aplurality of division plates, one secured by its upper marginal portionto each side at the inner angles of each side and extending downward andinward toward the opposite side at an angle from the vertical oppositethe next lower outer angle of the sides, and having its lower edge nearto tha next lower inner angle and forming an opening between-the loweredge or the division plate and the top portion of the next lowerdivision plate of the same side, said division plates together forminga' restricting passage for grain between the division plates and airspaces between the outer angles of the sides and the division plates,with yopenings ytherefrom into the grain passages adapted to admit airinto and out of the grain passage without admitting grain into the 'airspaces, and members connected to the edges of the sides and the ends ofthe division plates and forming closures for the grain passage andclosures for the ends or alternate air spaces, whereby alternate airspaces are open at one end and closed at the other.

ln witness whereoie ll have hereunto set my hand at Toledo, hio, thisLlth day et? June, 1914, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

OLVER W. RANDLPH, ln presence of- K. D. lnrnrron'rz, @Has WY. Montura

